â— Mining vehicles Mining vehicles, which are non-road vehicles, are mainly used in mining and engineering. They are more durable than ordinary trucks and have more load. From a structural point of view, it seems that there is not much difference between a mine car and an ordinary dump truck. It seems that it is only a "big" one. In fact, mine cars are essentially different from common dump trucks in terms of design concept. Normal dump trucks are used for road transport. Mining vehicles are designed to meet mine construction operations. Therefore, the entire vehicle and parts used in mining vehicles are considered in the mine operating environment and are designed and manufactured for such users. .
Characteristics and structural features Off-highway (mining) dump trucks are heavy duty dump trucks used in open pit mines to complete rock-dip stripping and ore transportation tasks. Their characteristics are short-haul, heavy-duty trucks, large-scale shovels or hydraulics. Shovels are loaded for travel to and from mining and unloading points. The “non-highway†here does not mean the meaning of off-road driving, but it is only because of its super-wide profile, and the total mass is too large to allow it to drive on the road. Rigid frame dump trucks are widely used in our country. The following are brief descriptions of their characteristics and structural features:
(1) The profile is particularly tall, and the dump truck belonging to the over-profile type vehicle only travels within a limited mining area. The external dimensions of the car are not limited. In order to increase the transportation volume per vehicle, the volume of the carriage is increased as much as possible, and the width is increased. The overall dimensions of the high-vehicle vehicles far exceed the width of the national road vehicles under the regulations of the National Highway Engineering Technical Standards JTGB01-2003 and GB1589-2004 Road Vehicle Dimensions, Axial Loads and Quality Limits. Limits cannot be driven on the road.
(2) Heavy-duty trucks with strong power At present, the load of such vehicles is between 20-360 tons, and it is still developing towards large-scale. Due to the large deadweight tonnage and the steep slope of the road, which requires the engine to have high power and high torque, it is also easy to ensure full load uphill. Therefore, these models are equipped with high “specific torque†and high “torque increase factorâ€. Engineering engine. However, due to poor off-road conditions, the common speed of these types of vehicles is around 30-40km/h.
(3) Two-axis type wheelbase and total length to reduce the area of ​​the loading and unloading site in the mining area is narrow, with frequent turning and reversing; the roads in the mining area are mostly temporary roads, there are many downhills in the mountainous area, there are many sharp turns, and in order to keep the maneuvering flexibility and strive to shorten Wheelbase and total length to reduce the turning radius and reduce the number of reversing, so the basic use of 2-axis 4 × 2 structure type, can guarantee a simple chassis structure, easy maintenance, steering maneuver sensitive. For such vehicles, the uniaxial load far exceeds the uniaxial load specified in GB1589-2004 "Robust dimensions of road vehicles, axle loads and mass limits" and shall not exceed the limit of 12 tons and cannot be used on roads.
(4) The frame of the frame is a special structure for construction machinery vehicles. All of them are all welded structures. The longitudinal beams adopt a closed box section to ensure high torsional strength. The thick steel plates used are low-alloy, high-strength steel plates. .
(5) The carriage compartment is also fully welded. The rear of the bucket bucket floor is tilted. Generally, the slope angle is 12 degrees without rear plate. The base plate is welded by high-strength, high-hardness, impact-resistant high-quality steel plates to fit. Non-road and harsh industrial and mining transportation and rough loading of construction materials on construction sites, and ensure that their service life is generally more than 10 years.
(6) Suspension Non-road (mining) dump trucks mostly use hydro-pneumatic suspensions, especially for vehicles with a carrying capacity of 45 tons or more. This kind of short wheelbase and particularly high-quality models are most suitable for the installation of oil-air suspensions, which do not have the space to install traditional leaf spring damping. The front and rear oil and gas spring cylinders also have the role of steering kingpins. The outer cylinders are fastened to the outside of the frame rails, eliminating the need for a traditional integral front axle.
(7) Steering Due to the large mass of the vehicle and the large front axle load, the steering of the front wheels depends entirely on hydraulic power. In order to ensure the safe and reliable steering, this type of vehicle not only adopts full hydraulic steering, but also is equipped with an emergency steering system. When the power of the steering system fails, the emergency steering system can ensure that it has a certain steering ability, so that the car can be parked safely. The place.
(8) Braking The mining area is highly sloped and the vehicle load quality is particularly large. Therefore, the reliability of the brake system function also needs to be ensured first. In addition to the function of the main brake of the dump truck, it is also equipped with assisted retarding braking capability: engine exhaust brake, hydraulic retarder or electric wheel is converted to electric generator. At the beginning of the move, the engine exhaust brake is put into operation first; then the retarder or electric retarder joins the retard brake function together; the last wheel brake is put into operation so that the use frequency of the main brake is greatly reduced. In the best condition, the brake shoe life can be extended.
(9) Vehicles with a transmission mass of 100 tons or less usually adopt hydraulic mechanical transmissions and traditional rear axles; large-capacity models with more than 100 tons generally use electric transmission: the engine drives the generator and drives the rear wheels with current. The motor drives the rear-wheel drive car.
(10) Adopting construction tires The tread patterns and structures of these types of vehicle tires are different from road vehicles and belong to the engineering tires, so as to adapt well to the requirements of the use of complex roads.
Xia Gong Chu Sheng (Hubei) Special Vehicle Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Sales Manager Deng
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