Intelligent robot: Can China catch up with it (into the new era of science and technology)

"The robot is the Chinese football dream World Cup!"

What has won such praise from foreign media is the outstanding performance of the Chinese team in the 17th RoboCup Robot World Cup in the Netherlands: 500 in about 40 countries and regions including the United States, Germany, Japan and China. In this competition, the Chinese team won four championships and one runner-up.

“This is a great achievement.” Professor Chen Xiaoping, director of the Robotics Laboratory at the University of Science and Technology of China and chairman of the China RoboCup Committee, believes that China’s position on the world’s robotic map has become increasingly important.

But the game doesn't tell you everything. After the robot enters the era of intelligence, can China succeed in catching up with developed countries?

The ultimate goal of developing robots is not to defeat humans, but to serve humanity.

Since Westinghouse Electric exhibited its home robots in 1939, its performance has continued to improve, further stimulating human imagination: Can robots defeat real people?

With such ambitions, the RoboCup International Alliance was announced in 1996 and the first World Cup robot soccer tournament was held in Nagoya, Japan the following year. "The initial mission was for the robot soccer team to defeat the human World Cup champion team by 2050."

Starting from the first cup competition in 1997, the World Cup robot soccer tournament is held once a year. At present, the competition has been expanded into three series of robot soccer, rescue robots and service robots. The name of the competition has also been changed to "Robot World Cup" since 2003.

According to Chen Xiaoping, robot competition is a high-tech confrontation involving robotics, artificial intelligence, mechatronics, communication, vision and sensing, precision machinery and biomimetic materials. It is a manifestation of the comprehensive strength of national information and automation technology.

In 2000, the China University of Science and Technology Blue Eagle team became the first research team to enter the Robot World Cup in China's history, and participated in the 4th Cup Simulation Group Competition held in Melbourne, Australia. In 2007, the University of Science and Technology Blue Eagle won two gold and one silver in the eleventh World Cup, ranking first in the world.

In June of this year, at the 17th RoboCup Robot World Cup held in the Netherlands, the Chinese team won a lot: China Science and Technology "Blue Eagle" robot won the championship in the simulation 2D group with unbeaten record. The school's intelligent service robot "Can be good." "The runner-up; Zhejiang University, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, and Beijing University of Information Science and Technology won the championship in small groups, 3D groups, and medium-sized groups.

Faced with such a good result, Chen Xiaoping is clear-headed: defeating the human World Cup champion team is not the ultimate goal of robot research. At present, countries around the world are vigorously developing intelligent robots to serve humanity for the benefit of mankind.

Robots enter the era of intelligence, and China's research level is rapidly increasing

Since the mid-1960s, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and the University of Edinburgh in the United Kingdom have successively established robotics laboratories.

In 1968, the Stanford Research Institute of the United States successfully developed Shakey, the world's first intelligent robot.

What is an intelligent robot?

According to Chen Xiaoping, robots can be divided into traditional robots and intelligent robots. A conventional robot is a robot that has the ability to execute programs and operate functions, and can only repeatedly perform relatively simple prescribed actions in a prescribed environment. Most industrial robots that have been applied on a large scale internationally belong to this category.

“The environment in which intelligent robots are located is often unknown, changing and unpredictable. Therefore, it is necessary to have three elements of feeling, action and thinking, that is, to be able to perceive the state of the environment, to have the ability to learn, to think according to the information obtained and Planning to make an adaptive response to the outside world.” Chen Xiaoping said that “smart” is a more desirable ability than traditional robots are “hard-working” and “infinite”.

It is understood that developed countries in the West, especially the United States, Japan and Germany, have long-term accumulation in the field of artificial intelligence and intelligent robot research, and have obvious advantages. Many world-class universities and famous enterprises are frequent visitors to the Robot World Cup. In recent years, Chinese universities and research institutions have also entered the field of robotics research, and the research level has been rapidly improved.

In this World Cup of Robotics, the service robot group has a total of 21 teams. The University of Science and Technology “Kejia” has lost the opportunity to win the opportunity due to network communication reasons, but includes “indoor cleaning”, “bar service” and “supermarket shopping”. The total score was the first in a total of nine main technical tests. This is the first team in the history of the United States, Germany, and Japan to rank first in the service robot main body test, marking that the research level of China's intelligent service robot has entered the world's first rank.

According to reports, the intelligence of "Kejia" of HKUST is mainly reflected in four aspects: First, semantic understanding, that is, robots can understand some natural language sentences including English and Chinese, thus establishing a direct relationship with users, and can pass people. Machine interaction to understand user instructions and requirements; second, environmental modeling, that is, robots can observe and identify the external environment and analyze and judge the environment; third, automatic planning, that is, the behavior of the robot is not limited to the response to external stimuli, Rather, it is through self-planning to determine the steps of action; the fourth is the ability to learn, that is, robots acquire new skills and new knowledge through a variety of learning methods to continuously improve their performance.

After years of research and development, the China University of Science and Technology robot team has made important progress in the development of key technologies for the above four intelligent robots. In June of this year, Lenovo Group announced that it will cooperate with China University of Science and Technology to develop "production line robots", which will effectively promote the transformation of robot research results into real productivity as soon as possible.

China will become the world's largest robot market, but there is still a long way to go in large-scale R&D and application.

Chen Xiaoping said that after the financial crisis, developed countries such as the United States, Europe and Australia have proposed a "re-industrialization" path and implemented a manufacturing revitalization plan. In this context, China's position in the manufacturing sector faces new challenges.

Professor Wang Tianmiao, director of the Institute of Robotics at Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, said that in the context of rising labor costs, fierce market competition and breakthroughs in new technologies, the demand for robots is growing stronger, especially in China, a big manufacturing country.

Statistics show that since 2004, the growth rate of new installations of industrial robots in China has remained above 40%. The International Robot Alliance (IFR) predicts that China will become the world's largest robot market in 2014. However, due to the low scale of robot production in China, the high cost and pricing of robots, and the unsatisfactory performance of robots, such a huge market is not mainly in the hands of the Chinese themselves.

To this end, Wang Tianmiao suggested that the state should invest in high-end manufacturing for a long time, to achieve localization and autonomy of components, significantly reduce costs and pricing, and promote the era of large-scale application of industrial robots in China.

However, some experts believe that under the pattern of foreign companies occupying a monopoly position, China's traditional robot development model has less space and it is difficult to form a true industrial competitiveness.

"Intelligent robots are the commanding heights of future technological development and are the supporting point for future emerging industries." Chen Xiaoping believes that traditional robots have been faced with new production models such as small batches, multiple varieties and customer customization, as well as the technical needs of a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises in China. Hard to do. Therefore, while vigorously promoting the large-scale application of industrial robots, promoting the development and application of intelligent robots is the best choice and the only way for China to catch up with the international level in the field of robotics.

According to reports, some of China's strong companies are increasing investment in the development of robot hardware and core components, such as motors and reducers. "But China's industrial base is relatively backward. To make a breakthrough, we must find another way, such as finding a hardware production path that does not depend on the traditional industrial base." Chen Xiaoping believes that compared with China's robot software development level and the international gap is relatively small. However, there is still a long way to go in terms of large-scale R&D and application.

“Strengthen collaborative innovation and system integration is very important.” For example, Chen Xiaoping said that the intelligent technology developed by Boston Dynamics Company was not initially optimistic by most people, but it was funded by the US Department of Defense’s Senior Planning Bureau. A major breakthrough has been made in the quadruped robot, and the national power is being mobilized to make software. This software integrates a large number of technologies to control the robot to complete challenging tasks in a complex real environment. Once a breakthrough is made, the international robot strategic pattern will be fundamentally changed. . The domestic trend tends to be high-identity, low-risk, and individual warfare. The concept that is not favored by most people is often not effectively supported. There is a lack of necessary connections between enterprises, universities, and research institutions, even if different research teams are in their respective A partial breakthrough in the direction, and because of the lack of synergy and integration, it is difficult to achieve the effect of a comprehensive breakthrough in point-to-face.

“Therefore, in order to achieve breakthroughs, intelligent robots must not only accelerate breakthroughs in hardware, but also strengthen collaborative innovation and system integration from the national level.” Chen Xiaoping believes that only in this way, the transition from “Made in China” to “Created in China” In the process, intelligent robots can truly become a focus and breakthrough.

Robot memorabilia

1920

The Czechoslovak writer Karel Chapek created the term Robot in science fiction.

1939

Elektro, a home robot made by Westinghouse Electric, was exhibited at the World Expo in New York. It is controlled by a cable and can walk, saying 77 words.

1954

American George DeWall created the world's first programmable robot.

1959

Dvor and the American inventor Joseph Ingenberg teamed up to create the first industrial robot.

1968

The Stanford Research Institute of the United States succeeded in developing the world's first intelligent robot, Shakey.

1978

Unimation Corporation of the United States has launched the PUMA, a general industrial robot, and the industrial robot technology is fully mature.

Year 1999

Sony Corporation of Japan launched the dog-shaped robot Aibo (AIBO), and the entertainment robot entered the ordinary family.

year 2002

Denmark's iRobot has launched the vacuuming robot Roomba, which is currently the world's largest selling home robot.

year 2006

With the introduction of Robotics Studio by Microsoft, the trend of robot modularization and platform unification is becoming more and more obvious.

Year 2008

The world's first robotic resection of brain tumors was successful.

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